The primary Stages Off-Broadway Oral history Project

Celebrating the visionaries who created New York's vibrant Off- and Off-Off-Broadway theater.

Lawrence Kornfeld

Lawrence Kornfeld

Director, Educator, General Manager/Assistant Director The Living Theatre, Co-Founder/Co-Artistic Director Judson Poets’ Theater, Co-Founder/Artistic Director Theater for the New City, Director of the Theatre Program New York State Council of the Arts
Born on Wednesday, May 21, 1930
Died on Monday, August 14, 2023

Interviewed on: Saturday, April 2, 2022
Location: At Mr. Kornfeld's home via Zoom
Interviewed by: Casey Childs
Interview #183
"I couldn’t paint, I couldn’t write music…Julian’s (Beck) conception of the theater, and Judith’s, was that they were artists. From the very beginning their motto was: ‘We’re not doing this as a leap-frog to Broadway. We don’t want Broadway. We want a theater, a living theater.’ That satisfied my soul to not be commercial…Commercial Theater was a step down"
Lawrence Kornfeld Trailer
Video Length: 16 Minutes, 55 Seconds
Lawrence Kornfeld Interview
Video Length: 3 Hours, 11 Minutes

Lawrence Kornfeld is a three-time Obie-winning director, co-founder of two Off-Off-Broadway theaters, Judson Poets’ Theater and Theater for a New City, and Assistant Director for The Living Theatre.  From 1974-1976 he was Director of the Theatre Program at The New York State Council on the Arts.  As an educator he was a visiting director and lecturer (1980-1982) then was appointed Dean of Theatre Arts and Film and Professor of Theatre Arts (1983-86) at SUNY Purchase College.  From 1982-83 he was Professor of Directing at the Yale School of Drama.  The Obies for Distinguished Direction were given for the following plays directed at Judson Poets’ Theater: WHAT HAPPENED (1963), DRACULA SABBAT (1971), and LISTEN TO ME (1974).  He has directed more than 140 Broadway, Regional, Off and Off-Off-Broadway and productions including:  THE GREAT AMERICAN DESERT (1961), MAN IS MAN (1962), THE NATIVITY PLAYS OF THE YORK MYSTERIES (1962), MALCAUCHON (1962), VAUDEVILLE SKIT (1962), JOURMAD (1962), THE CONTEST(1962), SERVICE FOR JOSEPH AXMINISTER (1963), WAR ENGINE (1963), HAGAR AND ISHMAEL(1963), MISS RIGHT (1963), WHAT HAPPENED (1963, 1966), HURRAH, IT’S LEWIS CARROLL DAY(1963), BILLYGOAT EDDIE (1964), HOME MOVIES/SOFTLY CONSIDER THE NEARNESS (1964, 1966), LEONCE AND LENA (1964), FOR MADELEINE RENAUD (1964), SING HO FOR A BEAR (1964), STRINGGAME (1965), PROMENADE (1965, 1966, 1969-70), DEVICES (1965), HARMONY (1965), ISTANBOUL(1965), PLAY I, PLAY II, PLAY III (1965), THE PELICAN (1966), JONAH (1966), GORILLA QUEEN (1967), IN CIRCLES (1968), PEACE (1969), TURDS IN HELL (1970), DRACULA SABBAT (1971), WANTED (1972), A LOOK AT THE FIFTIES (1972), LISTEN TO ME (1974), THE MAKING OF AMERICANS (1989).

Returning from Dachau, where he was stationed with the American Occupied Forces, Lawrence Kornfeld had become obsessed with the Holocaust, the Nazis, and had developed PTSD.  His therapist, Laura Perls, a renowned Gestalt therapist, introduced him to Julian Beck and Judith Malina who were then creating The Living Theatre.  Soon Kornfeld was assistant to Julian Beck, became an Assistant Director and General Manager of The Living Theatre.  Originally Kornfeld’s passions were music and his major, comparative literature, but his time with the Becks made him realize he was an artist and wanted to live the artist’s life.  And, Commercial Theater was a step down!  The need was for a living theater!  The Living Theatre was a poets’ theater and it was an easy next step for Kornfeld when, in 1960, he left to join the Judson Poets’ Theater just beginning to take shape.  Joel Oppenheim, a Beat Poet, was making his move away from The Living Theatre and hoped Kornfeld would be equally intrigued by this new undertaking spearheaded by Al Carmines, hired by Senior Minister Howard Moody, to create a theater in the church.  Kornfeld’s knowledge of music and literature broke new ground for upcoming playwrights like Maria Irene Fornes, Rochelle Owens, Rosalind Drexler and the works of Gertrude Stein.  Al Carmines wrote the music and lyrics while Kornfeld curated the plays and directed, and together they created legendary Off-Off-Broadway history.  In 1971 Kornfeld went on to co-found Theater for a New City with Crystal Field, George Bartenieff, and Theo Barnes.  The four had met at Judson Poets’ Theater and broke off to establish their new community centered poets’ theater at Westbeth.  In 1980 Lawrence Kornfeld went to SUNY Purchase as a visiting director and lecturer.  In 1982 he became Professor of Directing at Yale School of Drama and returned to Purchase appointed Dean of Theatre Arts and Film, as well as Professor of Theatre Arts until 1986.

 

Mentioned in Interview

Joyce Aaron, Brooks Atkinson, Theo Barnes, George Bartenieff, Julian Beck, Patricia Birch, Sudie Bond, Julie Bovasso, Kenneth Brown, Robert Brustein, Al Carmines, Joseph Chaikin, Remy Charlip, Marilyn Chris, Harold Clurman, Merce Cunningham, Dorothy Day, George Dennison, Johnny P. Dodd, Roslyn Drexler, Jules Fisher, Crystal Field, Maria Irene Fornes, Earle R. Gister, Paul Goodman, Wynn Handman, Israel Hicks, Alfred Hitchcock, Earle Hyman, Teiji Ito, Madeline Kahn, Danny Kaye, Willa Kim, H. M. Koutoukas, Ruth Krauss, Edgar Landsbury, Gertrude Lawrence, Deborah Lee, Ralph Lee, Paul Libin, Charles Ludlam, Judith Malina, Michael McClure, Tom O’Horgan, Joel Oppenheimer, Rochelle Owens, Alice Playten, Albert Poland, Parker Posey, Everett Quinton, Alexander Racolin, Evert Springhorn, Gertrude Stein, Wallace Stevens, Ellen Stewart, Black Eyed Susan, Ron Tavel, Virgil Thompson, Stanley Tucci, Bill Vehr, Derek Walcott, Jess Weiss, Thornton Wilder, William Carlos Williams, American Place Theatre, Astor Place Theatre, Cherry Lane Theatre, Gramercy Arts Theatre, Judson Poets’ Theatre, The Living Theatre, Martinique Theatre, The Open Theatre, Promenade Theatre, Provincetown Playhouse, Ridiculous Theatrical Company, Rutgers University, SUNY Purchase, Theatre at St. Clements Church, Theater for a New City, Writers Stage Theatre, Yale School of Drama, BILLYGOAT EDDIE, THE BRIG, THE CONNECTION, THE CONTEST, DEVICES, DRACULA SABBAT, FOR MADELEINE RENAUD, FUTZ, GORILLA QUEEN, THE GREAT AMERICAN DESERT, HAGAR AND ISHMAEL, HARMONY, HOME MOVIES/SOFTLY CONSIDER THE NEARNESS, HURRAH, IN CIRCLES,ISTANBOUL, IT’S LEWIS CARROLL DAY, JOURMAD, JONAH, LEONCE AND LENA, LISTEN TO ME, A LOOK AT THE FIFTIES, THE MAKING OF AMERICANS, MALCAUCHON, MAN IS MAN, MANY LOVES, MEDEA, MISS RIGHT, THE NATIVITY PLAYS OF THE YORK MYSTERIES, PEACE, THE PELICAN, PLAY I, PLAY II, PLAY III,PROMENADE, THE SERPENT, SERVICE FOR JOSEPH AXMINISTER, SING HO FOR A BEAR, STRING GAME,TURDS IN HELL, VAUDEVILLE SKIT, WANTED, WAR ENGINE, WHAT HAPPENED

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